A simple composition…

GLASS
+
The indispensable element… Sand silica…
FLUX
+
For lowering the melting temperature… Soda, potash…
STABILISER
+
To avoid the glass distorting… Calcium oxide, magnesium…
REFINING AGENT
+
For creating a material without faults… Arsenic oxide, sodium nitrate or potassium…
FIRE To create the miracle of fusion !  

…hundreds of recipes !

  • soda-lime glass (made with soda, silica and lime) : the most common (90 % of world production) for common, artisan or mechanic glass production
  • Lead glass : crystal , strass…
  • Boro-silicates (silica and borates), Alumino-silicates (silica and aluminium),or pure silica glass, expensive to produce and reserved for special uses : laboratory glass, telescopes, heat-resistant tableware (Pyrex) etc.